高考常见介词的含义和用法,高考介词和介词短语

介词短语

介词和动词的固定搭配:

同一动词和不同介词的搭配:

look at (看) look for (寻找) look after (照顾) look over (检查) look (a)round (环视) arrive in +大地方 (到达) arrive at+小地方 (到达) hear of (听说) hear from (收到……的来信) spend +钱+on sth (花钱做某事) spend+时间+(in) doing sth. (花时间做某事)

同一介词和不同动词的搭配:

ask for (要求) leave for (动身去) send for (派人去请) pay for (付钱) wait for (等待) agree with sb (同意某人) begin with (以……开始) help with (在……方面帮助) catch up with (赶上) get on / along with (与……相处) make friends with (与……交朋友) play with (玩……)

其它的介词和动词的搭配:

listen to (听) come from (来自……) fall off (从……上摔下) try out (试验) knock at / on (敲) prefer…to… (比起……来还是……好) learn by oneself (自学) take care of (照顾) stop…(from) doing (阻止……做某事) help oneself to+食物 (随便吃……) fill…with… (在……里装满/充满) laugh at (嘲笑) worry about (为……担心) write to (写信给……) try on (试穿,试戴)

介词和形容词的常见搭配:

be good at =do well in (在……方面好) be weak in (在……方面差) be good for (对…有益) be bad for (对……有害) be late for (迟到) be sorry for (为……遗憾,抱歉) be full of (充满) be busy with (忙于……) be angry with sb. (对某人生气) be angry at/about (for doing) sth. (对某事生气) be afraid of (害怕) be interested in (对……感兴趣) be different from (与……不同) be strict with sb. (对某人严格) be strict in sth.(对某事严格) be famous for (因……而闻名) be/ get ready for (为……作好准备)

许多介词和名词的固定搭配中不用"the"等限定词:

by bike/car/bus/train/plane/air/land/road etc.

on foot (步行) at night (在晚上) at work (在工作) at breakfast/lunch/supper (在吃早,午,晚饭) day after day (一天又一天) at times (有时) in surprise (惊奇地) on fire (着火)

1)at once 立刻

2)at last 最后

3)at first 起先，首先

4)at the age of… 在……岁时

5)at the end of… 在……之末

6)at the beginning of… 在……之初

7)at the foot of… 在……脚下

8)at the same time 同时

9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午

10)with one's help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助

11)with the help of … 在……的帮助下

12)with a smile 面带笑容

13)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见

14)after a while 过了一会儿

15)from now on 从现在起

16)from then on 从那时起

17)far example 例如

18)far away from 远离

19)from morning till night 从早到晚

20)by and by 不久

21)by air mail 寄航空邮件

22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车

23)by ordinary mail 寄平信

24)by the way 顺便说

25)by the window 在窗边

26)by the end of… 到……底为止

27)little by little 逐渐地

28)in all 总共

29)in fact 事实上

30)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时

31)in a hurry 匆忙

32)in the middle of 在……中间

33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快

34)in time (on time) 及时

35)in public 公众，公开地

36)in order to 为了……

37)in front of 在……前面

38)in the sun 在阳光下

39)in the end 最后，终于

40)in surprise 惊奇地

41)in turn 依次

42)of course 当然

43)a bit (of) 有一点儿

44)a lot of 许多

45)a little 一点儿

46)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上

47)on foot 步行，走路

48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告

49)on the other hand 另一方面

50)at/on the weekend 在周末

51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边

52)on the other side of 在……另一边

53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)

54)to one's joy 使……高兴的是

55)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是

1.表示时间的介词及介词短语?

in, at, on, before，after，till，since，for, fromto, until， by，in the middle of，at the beginning of， at the end of，at half past five，at night，in a week，in the morning，in class，at sunrise， in spring/summer/autumn/winter，on Sunday，on Saturday afternoon，on a winter evening，for a long time，for two months，after school，since liberation，before lunch，at the time of，at the age of。

2.表示地点的介词及介词短语?

in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above，under，outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across， off， down， among， past，between，out of，around，in the front of， in the middle of， at the back of，at the foot of，at home，at the gate，at the table，in the sky， on the ground，in a tree， in the south，in the sun，in the bed，on one’s way home，by the side of。?

3.介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语?

1）.介词与动词搭配?

arrive in／at到达 ask for要，请求?do well in在……方面做得好?give in投降go on继续?

hear from收到……来信 hear of听说?help's B.with sth.帮助……做?

laugh at嘲笑 learn from向……学习?leave for离开一地去另一地?

talk to与……谈话 go in for从事，致力于?

put up穿上，挂上 take down拿下，取了?look at（有意识地）看 speak to对某人说?

send for派人去请?shout at大声叫喊，吼叫?take away拿走，带走think of考虑，关心?

turninto把……变成 wait for等候，等待?take off脱下，起飞?

turn on／off打开（关上）?listen to听 look after照顾，照看?

look for寻找 look like 看上去像?get to 到达 point to 指着……?

fill with充满，装满 begin with以……开始?deal／do with处置，对待?

meet with偶尔遇见，遭遇? pass on传递

belong to属于?write to写信给……?call on号召，访问，邀请?die of死于……

depend on依靠，依赖?smile at向……微笑 believe in信任?look out向四下看，到处看?

2）.介词与名词搭配?

in time及时 in bed卧床?in life一生中 on time准时，按时?

in front of在……前面 on foot步行?by bus乘公共汽车 at home在家?in English用英语 in the middle在中间?

at night在晚上 at noon在中午?at hospital在医院 with a smile带着微笑?

of course当然（可以） in a hurry匆忙，急忙?in a minute一会儿?by the way顺便说说／问问?

at first首先，起初 at last最后，终于?at the meeting在会上 at least至少?on one’s way to在……的路上?

in the sun在阳光下in a tree在树上?in surprise惊奇地 at once立刻，马上?at the foot of在……脚下

at all压根儿?at dinner在吃正餐 at the table在桌子旁?at work在工作

at school在学校?at the back of在……后面?

at the beginning of在……开始 at the end of在……结尾?at the same time同时，然而?by hand用手，手工，亲手?

by the end of到……结束时?by train乘火车day by day日复一日?one by one一个接一个?

by spaceship乘坐宇宙飞船?in a low voice大声地?in a word总而言之，一句话?in trouble处于困境

in fact事实上?in the street在街上in the end最后，终于?in space在空间

in no time立刻，很快?in order按顺序，整齐，正常?in order to为了，以便 in the day在白天?

in line成一直线in a short while不久?in all总共，总计 in town在城里?in silence不作声?

out of breath上气不接下气?out of sight消失，看不见?on duty值日?on the left／right在左／右边?

on the one handon the other hand一方面……另一方面?on the other side of在……的另一边?

on top of在……顶上 in the distance在远处?in public当众，公开地 out of work失业?

on the radio通过无线电广播 ?to this day直到今天?to one’s surprise/joy使某人吃惊/高兴?

3)介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配?

be born in出生于……be good at擅长……?be made of由……制成?

be angry with s B. 对某人生气?be angry at sth. 为某事生气?be pleased with s B. 对某人感到满意?

be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意?be surprised at对……感到惊奇/诧异?be tired of讨厌……／厌倦……?

be interested in对……感兴趣?be proud of以……为自豪/骄傲?be full of充满……

take／catch hold of抓住?be sure of确信…… take part in参加?

break into 闯入?take care of照顾，关心，保管?

be busy with忙于……?be strict with对……严格要求?

catch up with跟上，赶上? have nothing to do with与……无关?

go to school上学 go to bed／sleep睡觉?give a lesson to给……上课?

go to the cinema 去看**?be kind to s B.对某人友好?say hello to向……问好?look forward to盼望，期待?

keep out of不让进入 go on strike罢工?be used to习惯于……?

4.看似相同，但意义有别的词组?

英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。为此，把这类词组归纳如下：?

1）.介词词组?

(1) at table在进餐?at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk） ?

(2) at desk在读书或做作业?at the desk在书桌旁 ?

(3) at school在校上学（指学生）?at the school在学校（指教职工） ?

(4) in front of the bus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）?in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部（在车上） ?

(5) at sea在航海中?at the sea在海边 ?

(6) by day白天?by the day按日，论日 ?

(7) behind time误期?behind the time落后于时代 ?

(8) in class在上课，在课内?in the class在这个班 ?

(9) in bed 卧床，在睡觉?in the bed在床上 ?

(10) in prison坐牢?in the prison在监狱 ?

(11) in red穿着红色的衣服?in the red负债，亏损 ?

(12) in hospital住院（指病人）?in the hospital（因事）在医院 ?

(13) in office在办公，执政?in the office在办公室 ?

(14) in secret秘密，私下?in the secret参入秘密，参入阴谋 ?

(15) in place of 代替，而不是?in the place of在……地方 ?

(16) in case of万一，如果?in the case of就……来说，至于 ?

(17) of age成年人?of an age同龄人 ?

(18) out of office离职?out of the office离开办公室 ?

(19) out of prison（因犯罪）出狱?out of the prison（因事）从监狱出来 ?

(20) out of question毫无疑问?out of the question不可能，办不到 ?

2）.含有介词的动词词组?

(1) come out of hospital（病好）出院?come out of the hospital（因事）从医院里出来 ?

(2) come out of prison（刑满）释放?come out of the prison（因事）从监狱里出来 ?

(3) go to school去上学?go to the school（因事）去学校 ?

(4) go to college上大学?go to the/a college去一所学校（办事） ?

(5) go to bed上床睡觉?go to the bed去床边 ?

(6) go to hospital去住院?go to the hospital（因事）去医院 ?

(7) go to prison去坐牢?go to the prison（因事）去监狱 ?

(8) go to sea当海员?go to the sea去海边 ?

(9) go to court起诉?go to the court（因事）去法庭 ?

(10) go to church做礼拜?go to the church（因事）去教堂 ?

(11) keep house管理家务?keep the house守在家里 ?

(12) take place发生?take the place代替 ?

3）.有无冠词，意义无多大区别的介词词组?

(1)at(the)most至多?

(2)at(the)first起初?

(3)all(the)day 整天?

(4)catch(a)cold感冒?

(5)in(the)future 将来?

(6)in(the)memory of纪念?

(7)go to(the)office 上班，去办公室?

(8)go to(the)market 赶集，去市场?

(9)on(a)holiday 在度假?

(10)(the)day before yesterday 前天?

(11)(the)most of 大多数?

(12)with(a)smiling face 面带微笑

高中阶段（至高考）介词to的词组总结如下：

object to(反对),be/get used to(习惯于),look forward to(盼望、期待),be devoted to(致力于、全神贯注于),devote oneself to(致力于),come close to(差一点就),pay attention to(注意),get down to(开始、着手),be reduced to(被迫、沦落到……的地步),take to(变得喜欢、开始经常),fall to(开始),lead to(导致),be opposed to(反对),come to(接近,差一点),refer to(提及、参考),agree to(同意某个观点,注意和agree to do同意做某事的区别),be on the way to(就要……),stick to（坚持）