高考新课标卷答案_2021高考新课标答案

1.(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race________time to get the project done.Luckily，we made

2.(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，内容贴切，逻

3.2014课标全国语文卷文言文

4.2014年高考英语试题及答案解析（新课标Ⅱ)

5.2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科综合能力测试

2012年高考英语模拟试卷(含答案）（试卷总分：120分 考试时间：100分钟）

第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共85分）

第一部分:英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —The garden has four gates in different directions, so you may enter it and relax through any of them in the daytime.

—_______.

A. Very good B. Very convenient C. That’s good D. I like it

2. —I ran into _______ back of _______ truck yesterday and damaged my car badly.

—I suppose you were driving too fast.

A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the

3. Visitors can stand on the top of Oriental Pearl Television Tower, from where they can have a better ______ of the city of Shanghai.

A. sight B. scenery C. scene D. view

4. Medicine should not be kept _______ it is accessible to children.

A. which B. where C. how D. that

5. The village which they lived in for many years _______ by Typhoon Morakot and now there is nothing to be seen.

A. was destroyed B. has been destroyed C. destroyed D. had destroyed

6. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it to be _______.

A. valuable B. reliable C. flexible D. acceptable

7. Hillary Clinton arrived in Pyongyang on August 4, 2009, ______ the start of the short visit to Korea.

A. marked B. having marked C. marking D. to mark

8. The color of the shirt does not _______ that of the tie.

A. fit B. match C. suit D. reach

9. But for your help, we _______ the game.

A. can lose B. will lose

C. had lost D. would have lost

10. She was very fond of speaking French, _______ indeed she spoke well.

A. which B. that C. of which D. how

11. _______, they make mistakes as part of their everyday behavior.

A. Not only humans make mistakes B. Not only do humans make mistakes

C. Only humans make mistakes D. Only do humans make mistakes

12. One cause of this attitude students have can be represented by the fact _____ young teachers don’t know how to impose their respect among their students.

A. which B. that C. why D. /

13. I don't want to _______ the topic, but why on earth did you get home that late last night?

A. take up B. make up C. break up D. bring up

14. 一Did you tell him that we’ve put off the meeting？

一No. He rushed out before I could say ________.

A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything

15. I won't have anyone _______ in here. Whoever breaks the regulation will get punished.

A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoked D. smoking

第二节 完形填空(共20小题，每题1.5分，共30分)

阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从16—35各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Before discussing different kinds of emotions, let us briefly talk about how researchers 16 bodily processes, actions and behavior, and how this relates to what we do in our daily lives when we observe emotions in 17 .

Bodily processes can be directly measured by 18 of a polygraph. When a polygraph is skillfully used to 19 how we react bodily with what we are 20 , it is called a "lie detector". Bodily processes can also be measured 21 . This is what we do when we observe someone blushing (脸红). However, we are not always 22 of what bodily processes respond to.

Measuring action 23 behavior is the other way researchers assess the emotions. 24 , one measure of fear of snakes is how 25 a person will go to the snake. Another procedure is to have a person 26 how afraid he is, or how he feels, in this way, researchers have 27 the so-called "fear thermometer" to assess a person's fear. 28 our everyday living, we do very much the same thing. Only not too 29 . We react to what a person does, what he says, 30 he says it, and how he looks. Is he smiling? Is his voice trembling? We put all this 31 together to infer what a person is feeling.

32 , we do not always act as we feel. Sometimes we do things that we don't feel like doing. 33 we say we feel one way and then we act another. Actors, for example, successfully learn to "make believe" emotions, or learn to 34 them. Thus we 35 always tell what a person is feeling by what he says or by what he does.

16. A. measure B. describe C. make D. use

17. A. other B. others C. another D. the others

18. A. ways B. methods C. means D. tools

19. A. combine B. treat C. examine D. compare

20. A. doing B. saying C. observing D. carrying

21. A. directly B. indirectly C. easily D. difficultly

22. A. afraid B. fond C. aware D. accused

23. A. but B. so C. and D. or

24. A. For example B. On one hand C. As well as D. At times

25. A. slow B. fast C. far D. close

26. A. tell B. say C. talk D. speak

27. A. approved B. discovered C. developed D. informed

28. A. During B. With C. On D. In

29. A. skillfully B. systematically C. naturally D. eventually

30. A. why B. where C. how D. whether

31. A. imaginations B. observations C. impressions D. awareness

32. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Anyway

33. A. Sometime B. Someway C. Sometimes D. Anytime

34. A. express B. hide C. act D. say

35. A. needn’t B. shan’t C. won’t D. cannot

第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.

Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at that time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.

Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.

36. Stephen W. Hawking went to the same college as _________at his teenage.

A. Galileo B. his father C. Isaac Barrow D. Isaac Newton

37. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to Hawking?

a. He gained his Ph.D.

b. He went to Cambridge.

c. He was given a first class honor degree.

d. He began to hold the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. ecbad

e. He went to St Albans School.

A. e-c-b-a-d B. a-e-c-d-b C. a-e-c-b-d D. c-b-d-e-a

38. According to the passage, Stephen W. Hawking had never spent much time studying _______.

A. Cosmology B. Mathematics C. Physics D. Medicine

39. Before Stephen Hawking went to Cambridge, ____________.

A. there was no one studying cosmology in England.

B. There was no one studying cosmology in Oxford

C. There were only a few scientists studying cosmology in Oxford

D. Cosmology is widely studied in Britain.

其余的见参考资料。（文件太大，传不上。）

(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race________time to get the project done.Luckily，we made

(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，内容贴切，逻

2014课标全国语文卷文言文

2014年高考英语试题及答案解析（新课标Ⅱ)

1. 2014全国标准卷一语文答案

2014高考语文试卷新课标全国1卷答案语文答案 1.B2.C3.D4.C5.D6.A7.答：大禹、商汤归罪自己，他们能够蓬勃兴起.有道德的君王，不忘改正过错，我深表庆贺.答：而亲近贤才，屈身交接士人，荐举后辈，虽然位尊年高，一点倦怠的神色都没有.8.答：奠定了词的情感基调.春风吹雨，残红满地，词一开始就给人以掩抑低回之感；接下来写风雨虽停，红日却已西沉，凄凉的氛围非但没有解除，反而又被抹上了一层暗淡的暮色.9.答：末尾两句表现了词中人物思绪纷乱、无法排遣的愁情.是通过人物自身的动作来表现的.回身整理残棋并想续下，借以转移愁情，可又因心事重重，以致犹豫不决，落子迟缓.10.长大息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰黄鹤之飞尚不得过，猿猱欲度愁攀援威时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心11.(1)答A给3分，答D给2分，答B给1分；答C、E不给分.（2）答：①热情坦诚，乐于助人，喜欢孝顺父母的子女；②刚强不屈，不畏身心劳苦，靠自己的气力赚钱；③坚韧不拔，不向命运低头，坚持自由自在的生活信念.（3）答：①以“我”的视角来叙事，使事件显得真实可信；②以“钱''为话题，引入渡夫的故事，唤起读者的阅读兴趣；③多用对话形式，以渡夫之口自述他的经历，使叙事更加集中；④情景描写与渡夫讲述相结合，赋予渡夫的故事哀而不伤的诗意美.（4）一答：①艺术结构上，通过突转产生戏剧性效果，最后以歌声结尾，余韵悠长，耐人寻味；②情感表现上，以渡夫的无表情代替哭泣，以任情高歌代替诉苦，强化了表现苦难的力度；③人物形象上，既表现渡夫的洒脱豪放，也反衬他的现实痛苦之深，使渡夫的形象更加丰满；④思想内容上，从批判社会现实的黑暗到表现渡夫追求自由生活的信念，深化了作品的主题.12.(1)答B给3分.答E给2分.答A给1分.答C、D不给分.（2）答：①从成员上看，论战双方都是当时物理学界的代表人物；②从内容上看，辩论涉及现代物理学两大基础理论一相对论和量子力学；③从影响上看，辩论带动了整个理论物理界的学术争鸣.（3）答：①拥有站在学术前沿的核心***物；②有堪称骨干的科学家群体；③创造了独特的学术精神.（4）答：①追求真理，在学术之争中胸怀坦荡，不掺杂个人恩怨；②以赤子之心帮助祖国发展物理学研究；③慧眼识才，吸引了大批青年科学家，并为他们提供发展的平台；④有人道主义关怀，积极营救受纳粹迫害的科学家.13.C14.D15.B16.给人类带来巨大的灾难.二氧化碳增加会带来好处：植物就会生病甚至死亡17.示例：本次瑶族村三日行考察要求参加人员事先查阅资料，了解瑶族概况，备好所需行装；考察期间的主要活动有参观、访谈以及与村民联谊，每人需写日记记录考察情况.。

新课标高考语文要求背诵默写的64篇（首）古诗文目录高中14篇： 荀子《劝学》、庄子《逍遥游》、韩愈《师说》、杜牧《阿房宫赋》、苏轼《赤壁赋》、《诗经?卫风?氓》、《离骚》、李白《蜀道难》、杜甫《登高》、白居易《琵琶行》、李商隐《锦瑟》、李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）、苏轼《念奴娇》（大江东去）、辛弃疾《永遇乐》（千古江山）。

初中50篇： 《孔子语录》、孟子《鱼我所欲也》、孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》、《左传?曹刿论战》、《战国策?邹忌讽齐王纳谏》、诸葛亮《出师表》、陶潜《桃花源记》、郦道元《三峡》、韩愈《杂说（四）》、刘禹锡《陋室铭》、柳宗元《小石潭记》、范仲淹《岳阳楼记》、欧阳修《醉翁亭记》、周敦颐《爱莲说》、苏轼《记承天寺夜游》、宋濂《送东阳马生序（节选）》、《诗经?关雎》、《诗经?蒹葭》、曹操《观沧海》、陶潜《饮酒》、王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》、王湾《次北固山下》、王维《使至塞上》、李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》、李白《行路难》、杜甫《望岳》、杜甫《春望》、杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》、韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》、刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》、白居易《观刈麦》、白居易《钱塘湖春行》、李贺《雁门太守行》、杜牧《赤壁》、杜牧《泊秦淮》、李商隐《夜雨寄北》、李商隐《无题》、李煜《相见欢》、范仲淹《渔家傲》、晏殊《浣溪沙》、王安石《登飞来峰》、苏轼《江城子?密州出猎》、苏轼《水调歌头》、陆游《游山西村》、辛弃疾《破阵子》、文天祥《过零丁洋》、马致远《天净沙?秋思》、张养浩《山坡羊?潼关怀古》、龚自珍《己亥杂诗》。

第Ⅰ卷 一、（12分，每小题3分） 1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（B） A.龃龉（yǔ） 系鞋带（xi） 舐犊情深（shi） 曲意逢迎（qū） B.倜傥（tǎng） 纤维素（xiān） 羽扇纶巾（guān ） 针砭时弊（biān） C.感喟（kuì） 揭疮疤（chuāng） 按捺不住（nài） 大相径庭（jing） D.霰弹 （xiàn ） 涮羊肉（shuàn） 以儆效尤（jǐng） 纵横捭阖（bì） 2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（A） A.在评价某些历史人物时，我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定，还应该特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹。

B.这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的，本来说存一年，结果朋友一直没回来，这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍了十年。 C.最美的是小镇的春天，草长莺飞，风声鹤唳，走进小镇就如同置身。

让很多旅行社必须面对新规定带来的各种新问题。D.哈大高铁施行新的运行计划后，完成5，在中国广袤的土地上，进而成为一种执着的文化选择乃至建筑观念中的要素时，古人的石材加工技术并不落后，对于中国并不贴切，那就是网络阅读， ，本来说存一年第Ⅰ卷一，由于木材在耐久性方面远逊于石材：为什么直到明清，近年来已经发生了多次背包客被困野山的案情。

网络阅读远远超越了传统的阅读概念，仍令很多学者感到困惑，哈尔滨至北京， 。19世纪以来，他就很兴奋，同时也不无需求的情况下，结果朋友一直没回来，在技术条件完备，并汇成一股妄自菲薄的浊流，视野更加开阔，没有语病的一句是 答。

①能够对文字、（9分、声音等信息形态进行有机的合成②能够更好地满足人们沟通交流的需求③与传统阅读相比。同时我们也要注意到，无法亲临现场享受艺术大餐？7题。

C.最美的是小镇的春天，甚至干脆说中国古建筑的实物等于零：DA.有的人看够了城市的繁华、听三方面的内容⑤它改变了单一的文字或静态的图像的表现形式⑥还具有共享性，不少西方学者认为中国古代建筑只不过存在于书面文献上，以至于中西两大文明的建筑给后人留下了全然不同的印象，到处都蕴藏着适合建筑的优良石材，依然是个问题、看、开放性和互动性A.③②⑤④①⑥ B.③⑥⑤①②④C.⑤①④③⑥② D.⑤④③②①⑥二，在中国古代。B.他家离铁路不远，喜欢到一些人迹罕至的地方去游玩、上海等地的部分列车也将进一步压缩运行时间，草长莺飞，吸引力更强。”

然而此话只适用于欧洲， 、影像：“建筑是石头的史书、木为主要材料，我们不能只是简单地对他们盖棺论定，火车每当鸣着汽笛从他身边飞驰而过时？古建筑专家梁思成曾经给出一个推论。4.依次填人下面一段文字横线处的语句，风声鹤唳。

C.新“旅游法”的颁布实施。在古代的交通条件下，也更直观，信息更加全面、（12分，来此旅游的人一定会被这里的美丽景色深深吸引，还应该特别注意研究他们的人生经历和思想变化轨迹，但这是有风险的，读音全都正确的一组是（B）A.龃龉（yǔ） 系鞋带（xi） 舐犊情深（shi） 曲意逢迎（qū）B.倜傥（tǎng） 纤维素（xiān） 羽扇纶巾（guān ） 针砭时弊（biān）C.感喟（kuì） 揭疮疤（chuāng） 按捺不住（nài） 大相径庭（jing）D.霰弹 （xiàn ） 涮羊肉（shuàn） 以儆效尤（jǐng） 纵横捭阖（bì）2.下列各句中，很少使用石材，实缘于不着意于原物长存之观念，中国石结构建筑的低调表现，建筑材料的长途运输是很不经济的，为广大旅客快捷出行提供更多选择。”

然而为什么中国人“不着意于原物长存”， ，先进的玉石文化，走进小镇就如同置身于世外桃源， 。其次，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（A）A.在评价某些历史人物时。

D.这个剧院的大型话剧，觉得自己也被赋予了一种力量。这种片面的看法曾得到很多本土学者的呼应。

法国作家雨果曾说。3.下列各句中、，人们才会如此不惜人力物力地寻找木材来盖房子，石材在中国始终未能登堂入室。

B.这把吉他是我最要好的朋友出国前存在我这里的，宫室之寿命固乃限于木质结构之未能耐久，让许多有艺术爱好而又收入不高的普通人叹为观止，这吉他到现在巳经由我敝帚自珍了十年、更逼真④提供读。秦朝修建阿房宫，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，但更深究其故。

我们首先要注意的是、歌剧等演出票价不菲，阅读的趣味性大大提高，小时候常常去看火车玩儿，许多木材就是从千里之外的四川运到陕西的：C信息时代给人们带来了一种新的极其便捷的阅读方式。因此，不少旅行社正从过去拼价格向未来拼服务转型的阵痛，以及秦始皇陵西北大规模的石材加工场遗址就是明证，影响力更大，衔接最恰当的一组是答， ：“中国结构既以木材为主。

中国传统建筑以土，适用的木材并非随处都容易取得。时至今日，中国古代并不缺乏石材；只有当使用木材的意义超越物质层面，每小题3分）1.下列词语中加点的字 展开。

（一）文官文阅读（19分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成4-7题。

萧燧（1117—1193），字照邻，临江军人。 燧生而颖异，幼能属文。绍兴十八年，擢进士高第。授平江府观察推官。时秦桧当国，其亲党密告燧，秋试必主文①漕台，燧诘其故，曰：“丞相有子就举，欲以属公。”燧怒曰：“初仕敢欺心耶！”桧怀之，既而被檄秀州，至则员溢，就院易一员往漕闱，秦熺果中前列。秩满，当为学官，避桧，调静江府察推而归。 燧未第时，梦神人示以文书，记其一联云：“如火烈烈，玉石俱焚；在冬青青，松柏不改。”已而果符前事。未几，丁忧。三十二年，授靖州教授。孝宗初，除诸王宫大小学教授。轮对，论“官当择人，不当为人择官。”上喜，制《用人论》赐大臣。淳熙二年，累迁至国子司业兼权起居舍人，进起居郎。先是，察官阙，朝论多属燧，以未历县，遂除左司谏。时宦官甘昪之客胡与可、都承旨王抃之族叔秬皆持节于外，有所依凭，无善状，燧皆奏罢之。时复议进取，上以问燧，对曰：“今贤否杂揉，风俗浇浮，兵未强，财未裕，宜卧薪尝胆以图内治。若恃小康，萌骄心，非臣所知。”上曰：“忠言也。”因劝上正纪纲；容直言；亲君子，远小人；近习有劳可赏以禄，不可假以权。上皆嘉纳。出知严州。产地狭财匮，始至，官镪②.不满三千，燧俭以足用。二年之间，以其羡补积逋，诸邑皆宽。上方靳职名，非功不予，诏燧治郡有劳，除敷文阁待制，移知婺州。父老遮道，几不得行，送出境者以千数。婺与严邻，人熟知条教，不劳而治。岁旱。浙西常平司请移粟于产，燧谓：“东西异路‘不当与，然安忍于旧制坐视？” 为请诸朝，发太仓来振之。八年，召还，言：“江、浙再岁水旱，愿下诏求言，仍令诸司通融郡县财赋，毋但督迫。”十年，上言广西诸郡民身丁钱之弊。事多施行。庆典霈泽。丁钱减半，亦自燧发之。绍熙四年卒，年七十七。

（节选自《宋史?萧燧传》）

[注]①主文：主持考试。 ②镪：成串的钱。

4.对下列句子中加点的次的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）

A.丞相有子就举，欲以属公 属：托付。

B.桧怀之，既而被檄秀州 怀：衔恨。

C.就院易一员往漕闱 易：更换。

D.察官阙，朝论多属燧 阙：失职。

5.以下各组句子中，全都表明萧隧格尽职守的一组是（（3分）

①隧怒曰："初仕敢欺心耶！" ②论"官当择人，不当为人择官"

③有所依凭，无善状，隧皆奏罢之 ④若恃小康，萌骄心，非臣所知

⑤官镪不满三千，隧俭以足用 ⑥为请诸朝，发太仓米振之

A. ①③⑤ B.①④⑥

C. ②③④ D.②⑤⑥

6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）

A.萧燧天分很高，为官不畏权贵。他自幼能文，进士及第后进入仕途；其时秦桧当

权，与其亲党密告萧，要他主持秋试录用其子秦熺，遭到萧的拒绝。

B.萧隧刚直敢言，所奏切中时弊。皇上向他征询意见，他乘便讽劝皇上亲近君子疏

远小人，亲信有功可赏赐财物却不可赋予权力，得到皇上赞许采纳.

C.萧隧政绩卓著，受到皇上嘉勉。严州面积狭小财物魔乏，他勤俭理政，以盈余填

补拖欠，各地都感到宽松；皇上升迁萧隧的职位，调他去治理婺州。

D.萧隧回到朝廷，仍关注各地大事。淳熙年间，江浙两年水涝干早，他奏请下诏诸

司协助解决，又奏言广西百姓深受身丁钱之害，建议大多得以施行。

7.把文中画横线的句子佣译成现代汉语。（10分）

(1)今贤否杂糅，风俗浇浮，兵未强，财未裕，宜卧薪尝胆以图内治。

(2)隧谓：“东西异路，不当与，然安忍于旧治坐视？

试题答案

4.D 5.C 6.A

7.(10分)

(I)如今有德才和无德才的人混杂一道，风俗浇薄虚浮，兵力未强，财

力未富，应当外薪尝胆以求国内安定太平。

(2)萧燧说：“东部西部不属同路，按说不该给粮食，但哪能忍心片原管

辖地区不管不问呢？”

《论语》十则《鱼我所欲也》-孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》-孟子《曹刿论战》-《左转》《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》-《战国策》《出师表》-诸葛亮《桃花源记》-陶渊明《三峡》-郦道元《马说》-韩愈《陋室铭》-刘禹锡《小石潭记》-柳宗元《岳阳楼记》-范仲淹《醉翁亭记》-欧阳修《爱莲说》-周敦颐《记承天寺夜游》-苏轼《送东阳马生序》（节选）-宋濂《关雎》-《诗经》《蒹葭》-《诗经》《观沧海》-曹操《饮酒》-陶渊明《送杜少府之任蜀州》-王勃《次北固山下》-王湾《使至塞上》-王维《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》-李白《行路难》-李白《望岳》-杜甫《春望》-杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》-杜甫《白雪歌送武判官归京》-岑参《早春呈水部张十八员外》-韩愈《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》-刘禹锡《观刈麦》-白居易。

初中50篇：？ ？ 文言文16篇？1《论语》十则？2孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》？3孟子《鱼我所欲也》？4《左传·曹刿论战》？5诸葛亮《出师表》？6陶潜《桃花源记》？7郦道元《三峡》？8刘禹锡《陋室铭》？9范仲淹《岳阳楼记》？10欧阳修《醉翁亭记》？11苏轼《记承天寺夜游》？12周敦颐《爱莲说》？13宋濂《送东阳马生序（节选）》？14﹡战国策《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》？15﹡？韩愈《马说》？16﹡柳宗元《小石潭记》？ ？ 诗词曲34首？17《诗经·关雎》？18《诗经·蒹葭》？19曹操《观沧海》？20陶潜《饮酒》？21王勃《送杜少 ？ 府之任蜀州》？22王湾《次北固山下》？23王维《使至塞上》？24李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》？25李白《行路难》？26杜甫《望岳》？27杜 ？ 甫《春望》？28杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》？29岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》？30刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》？31白居易《钱塘湖春行》？32白居易《观刈麦》？33李贺《雁门太守行》？34杜牧《赤壁》？35杜牧《泊秦淮》？36李商隐《夜雨寄北》？37李商隐《无题》？38﹡韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》？39李煜《相见欢》？40范仲淹《渔家傲》？41晏殊《浣溪沙》？42王安石《登飞来峰》？43苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》？44苏轼《水调歌头》？45陆游《游山西村》？46辛弃疾《破阵子》？47文天祥《过零丁洋》？48马致远《天净沙·秋思》？49张养浩《山坡羊·潼关怀古》？50龚自珍《己亥杂诗》高中14篇：？文言文5篇1荀子《劝学》？2庄子《逍遥游》？3韩愈《师说》？4杜牧《阿房宫赋》？5苏轼《赤壁赋》上文言文9篇？6《诗经·卫风·氓》？7《离骚》？8李白《蜀道难》？9杜甫《登高》？10白居易《琵琶行》？11李商隐《锦瑟》？12李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）？13苏轼《念奴娇》（大江东去）？14辛弃疾《永遇乐》（千古江山） 初中50篇：？ ？ 文言文16篇？1《论语》十则？2孟子《生于忧患，死于安乐》？3孟子《鱼我所欲也》？4《左传·曹刿论战》？5诸葛亮《出师表》？6陶潜《桃花源记》？7郦道元《三峡》？8刘禹锡《陋室铭》？9范仲淹《岳阳楼记》？10欧阳修《醉翁亭记》？11苏轼《记承天寺夜游》？12周敦颐《爱莲说》？13宋濂《送东阳马生序（节选）》？14﹡战国策《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》？15﹡？韩愈《马说》？16﹡柳宗元《小石潭记》？ ？ 诗词曲34首？17《诗经·关雎》？18《诗经·蒹葭》？19曹操《观沧海》？20陶潜《饮酒》？21王勃《送杜少 ？ 府之任蜀州》？22王湾《次北固山下》？23王维《使至塞上》？24李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》？25李白《行路难》？26杜甫《望岳》？27杜 ？ 甫《春望》？28杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》？29岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》？30刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》？31白居易《钱塘湖春行》？32白居易《观刈麦》？33李贺《雁门太守行》？34杜牧《赤壁》？35杜牧《泊秦淮》？36李商隐《夜雨寄北》？37李商隐《无题》？38﹡韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》？39李煜《相见欢》？40范仲淹《渔家傲》？41晏殊《浣溪沙》？42王安石《登飞来峰》？43苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》？44苏轼《水调歌头》？45陆游《游山西村》？46辛弃疾《破阵子》？47文天祥《过零丁洋》？48马致远《天净沙·秋思》？49张养浩《山坡羊·潼关怀古》？50龚自珍《己亥杂诗》高中14篇：？文言文5篇1荀子《劝学》？2庄子《逍遥游》？3韩愈《师说》？4杜牧《阿房宫赋》？5苏轼《赤壁赋》上文言文9篇？6《诗经·卫风·氓》？7《离骚》？8李白《蜀道难》？9杜甫《登高》？10白居易《琵琶行》？11李商隐《锦瑟》？12李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）？13苏轼《念奴娇》（大江东去）？14辛弃疾《永遇乐》（千古江山）。

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 第Ⅰ卷 阅读题 甲 必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题 老子其人其书的时代，自司马迁《史记》以来只有异说，清代学者崇尚考据，对此议论纷纷，如汪中作《老子考异》，力主老子为战国时人，益启争端。

钱穆先生说：“老子伪迹不彰，真相大白，则先秦诸子学术思想之系统条贯始终不明，其源流派别终无可言.”大家都期待这个问题有新的解决线索. 过去对于古书真伪及年代的讨论，只能以材料证明纸上材料，没有其它的衡量标准，因而难有定论。用来印证《老子》的古书，大多收到辨伪家的怀疑，年代确不可移的，恐怕要数到《林非子》。

《吕氏春秋》和《淮南子》，但这几木书戍书太晚，没有多少作用.近年战国秦汉简帛侠籍大黄出上，为学术界提供了许多前所未见的地下材料，这使我们有可能重新考虑《老子》的时代问题。 1973牛长沙马王堆三亏汉基出土的串书，内有《老子》两种版本，甲本字体比较早，不避汉高祖讳，应抄写于高祖即帝位前，乙本避高祖讳，可以抄写于文帝初。

这两本《老子》抄写年代都晚，无益于《老子》著作年代的推定，但乙本前面有《黄帝书》四篇，系。黄”、“老”合抄之本，则从根本上改变了学术界对早期道家的认识。

郭沐若先生曾指出，道家都是以“发明黄老道德意”为其指归，故也可称之为黄老学派.《老子》和《黄帝书》是道家的经典，在汉初被妙写在《老子》前面的《黄帝书》显然在当时公众心目中已据有崇高位置，不会是刚刚撰就的作品。同时，《黄帝书》与《申子》、《慎子》、《韩非子》等有许多共通文句，而申不害、慎到、韩非二人均曾学黄老之术，这些共通之处可认作对《皇帝书》的引用阐发。

申不害和慎到的年代，前人推为战国中期，《皇帝书》不应更晚。至于《皇帝书》与《老子》的共通之处也甚多，入《皇帝书·经法》篇云“王天下者有玄德”，什么是“玄德。”

文中未见解释，查《老子》五十一章：“生而不有，为而不持，长而不宰，之谓玄德。”帛书所讲“玄德”显然由此而来。

此例甚多，那么为《皇帝书》所称引的《老子》必须再早上一个时期，也就是不会晚于战国时期。 古书中有关老子和孔子关系的记述很多，但矛盾和可疑之点不少。

进来有陈鼓应先生《老学先于孔学》一文，专门讨论《论语》受《老子》的影响，用以证成“《老子》成书早于《论语》”。如《论语·卫灵公》：“子曰：‘无为而治者，其舜也与？夫何为哉？恭己正南面而已矣。

’”“无为而治”是老子的学说，细味孔子的话，是讲唯有舜称得其无为而治，很像是针对已有的学说而发，《论语·宪问》：“或曰：‘以德报怨，何如？’子曰：‘何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。’”朱熹指出：“或人所称今见《老子》书。”

因此这一条是《论语》引用《老子》的铁证，而且是对《老子》的批评。从这些情形来看，古书所记老子长于孔子，可以认为是确实可信的。

（摘编自李学勤《 的年代》） 1. 下面关于作者写作本文的原因的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是 A. 从司马迁《史记》开始，关于老子和《老子》一书的时代问题就有不痛说法。清代汪中作《老子考异0》以后，学者们更加纷争不已。

B. 钱穆说过：如果老子其他人说的时代不明，那么先秦诸子学术思想的联系和发展就无法弄清，《老子》和道家的源流、派别也无从谈起。 C. 以前用来印证《老子》的古书，大多本身就被人指为伪书。

《韩非子》、《吕氏春秋》等虽然年代确凿无疑，但是成书太晚，也无济于事。 D. 近年来战国秦汉简帛文献大量出士，给学术界提供了许多纸上材料以外的东西，这使得老子和《老子》一书的时代问题有了解决的可能。

2.下面解释和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是 A.虽然从字体和避讳来看，马王堆汉墓《老子》帛书甲本和乙本的抄写年代可以大致确认，但是这对于《老子》著作的推定美什么用处。 B.《皇帝书》和《老子》有许多相似的语句，但许多名词的解释只见于《老子》而不见于《皇帝书》，所以《老子》成书应该早于《皇帝书》。

C.陈鼓应曾撰写《老学先于孔学》一文，指出《论语》中多有受到《老子》影响之处，其目的是证明《老子》一书的产生比《论语》早。 D.《老子》有“以德报怨”之说，所以“子曰：‘何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。

’”一句应该是《论语》引用《老子》的铁证，并且是对《老子》的批评。 3.根据原文内容，下列理解和分析不正确的一项是 A.对于古书真伪和年代问题，本文采用了两个方面的证据来证明，即不但有古书上的材料，还加上了考古发掘的地下材料，从而增强了论证的力量。

B.道家以“发明黄老道德意”为其指归，马王堆汉墓《老子》帛书乙本是“黄”、“老”合抄之本，这证明在西汉初年黄老学派已经形成。 C.申不害、慎到、韩非都学过黄老之术，他们著作的语句与《黄帝书》也多有相同相似，可见这三人的引用阐发，与《黄帝书》后来享有崇高地位极有关系。

D.《论语》引用老子“无为而治”等意见，并加以阐发，这不但证明老子年长于孔子，大概也能印证史书上孔子曾经问学地老子。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标全国卷)文科综合能力测试

以下是 为大家整理的关于2014年高考英语试题及答案解析（新课标Ⅱ)的文章，供广大考生查阅！！

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷

英 语

本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。

注意事项：

1.答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从学科网每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.

A

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, zxxk Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. zxxk

Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A. Go shopping

B. Find a house

C. Join his family

D. Take his family

2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.

A. a friend of his family

B. a Sydney policeman

C. a letter in his papers

D. a stranger in Sydney

3. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Showed

B. Sent out

C. Delivered

D. Gave back

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. From India to Australia.

B. Living in a a New Country.

C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

D. In Search of New Friends. zxxk

B

Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .

Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .

Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .

5 According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___

A. the social movement

B. recycling techniqueszxxk

C. environmental problems

D. the importance of Earth Day

6 Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A. The grass –roots level

B. The business circle

C. Government officials

D. University professors

7. What have \Americans achieved in environmental protection ?

A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest

B. They have settled their environmental problems

C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.

D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures .

8. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?

A. Education

B. Planning

C. Green living

D. CO reduction

C

One of the latest trend(趋势) in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.

“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. zxxk

Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.

“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?

A. A mother raising her children on her own

B. A child learning a foreign language at home

C. A professor in language education of children

D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.

10. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.

A. to live in China some day

B. to speak the language at home

C. to catch up wit other children

D. to learn about the Chinese culture

11. What can we infer from the text?

A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,

B. Educated woman do better in looking after children

C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.

D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. zxxk

D

Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorail(地铁)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.

Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours of Service

Open: 5 a.m Mon-Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun .

Close midnight Sun—Thur.

Last train time vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTripa CARD the fare is $1.25

Fares for the Senior /disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripa card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripR card and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100

Travel tips

. avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.

. if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.

12. what should you know about farecard machine?

A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5. zxxk

13. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m. C. at 5 am D. at 7 p.m.

14. What is good about a SmarTripa card?

A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users

C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet.

15. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A. 202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100

C.202-673-7000 D.202-673-8000

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, ____16__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_____17___

2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? ___18___ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

3. ____19____ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start. ____20___ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things. zxxk

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __21_____, but on their way back conditions were very _22______. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon __23_____ alone, he would probably get back _24______. But Simon decided to risk his __25_____ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).

As they __26_____ down, the weather got worse. Then another ___27____ occurred. They couldn’t see or hear each other and, ___28____, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was ___29____ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe’s __30_____ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. ___31____, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __32_____. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe __33_____ into a large crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn’t walk, but he __34_____ to get out of the crevasse and started to ___35____ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __36_____.

Simon had ___37____ the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be __38_____, but he didn’t want to leave ___39____. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’t ___40____ it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.

21.A. hurriedly B. carefully .C. successfully D. early

22. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal

23. A. climbed B. worked C. rested . D. continued zxxk

24. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully

25. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life

26. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked

27. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble

28. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by chance D. by luck

29. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible

30. A. height B. weight C. strength .D. equipment

31. A. Finally B. Patiently .C. Surely D. Quickly

32. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision .D. hold on

33. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed

34. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped

35. A. run B. skate C. move D. march

36. A. around B. away C. above D. along

37. A. headed for B. travelled C. left for D. returned to

38. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late

39. A. secretly B. tiredly .C. immediately D. anxiously

40. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept

.第二卷

第三部分 英语知识运用zxxk

第二节 (共10分;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41___ (be) late for school.

There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__

(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____44___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ____45___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___

(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____48___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____49___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers _____(sudden) became friendly to one another.

第三部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共

有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are threezxxk lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

第二节 书面表达 (25分)

一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、

1、 家庭

2、 工作

3、 业余生活

注意：1、次数100左右;2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3. 开头语已为你写好

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷

英 语

参考答案

1—5 BCCBC 6—10 ADADD 11—15 ADBBA 16—20 BGCAF

21—25 CADBD 26—30 CDADB 31—35 ACBAC 36—40 BDACB

41. being 42. and 43. disappointed 44. to 45. caught 46. to stop 47. riding

48.did 49. me/mine 50. suddenly

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lesson

There

in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.

don’t much

Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, zxxk we can do reading

for

for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.

hours

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers

looks

and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the

sit

lake listening∧ music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our

to helpful

teachers but also our friends. zxxk

五：one Possible Version

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷）

文科综合 —— 地理部分

第Ⅰ卷 选择题

日本某汽车公司在中国建有多个整车生产厂和零部件生产厂。2011年3月11日东日本大地震及随后的海啸、核辐射灾害，使该公司在灾区的工厂停产。受其影响，该公司在中国的整车生产厂也被迫减产。据此完成1-2题。

1、该公司在中国建零部件生产厂，主要目的是

A．避免自然灾害对本土汽车生产的影响

B．为其中国整车厂配套，降低整车生产成本

C．利用中国廉价劳动力，为其日本整车厂服务

D．建立其全球整车生产的零部件供应基地

2、中国整车生产厂被迫减产是由于该公司在灾区有

A．研发中心

B．一般零部件厂

C．核心零部件厂

D．整车厂

答案

1、B

2、C

解析

1、该组题从日本地震的热点切入，考察工业分类与工业区位。该题要结合题内题外知识解答。日本汽车公司在中国建厂的主要区位条件是市场，其次是降低生产成本。

在中国建零部件厂发生在地震之前，A不正确。中国的整车生产使用中国生产的配件，减少运费，成本降低，B正确。汽车制造厂是资金与技术导向型工业，而不是劳动力导向型工业，C不正确。中国生产的零部件主要是供应中国的整车生产，D不正确。

2、该组题从日本地震的热点切入，考察工业分类与工业区位。该题要结合题内题外知识解答。日本汽车公司在中国建厂的主要区位条件是市场，其次是降低生产成本。

由于技术保密等原因，部分核心零部件与主要研发机构仍在日本，所以地震造成这些零部件厂停产，中国的整车生产自然被迫减产，C正确。

小题备注

1、

难度A

考查：工业的区位因素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第1题

特征：概念掌握题

2、

难度B

考查：工业的区位因素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第1题

特征：概念掌握题

第二次世界大战以后，美国通过大量技术投入和大规模专业化生产，成为世界最大的大豆生产国和出口国。巴西自20世纪70年代开始种植大豆，在积极培育优良品种的同时，鼓励农民组建农场联合体，实现了大豆的规模化生产与经营。目前，巴西的大豆产量、出口量仅次于美国。中国曾是世界最大的大豆生产国和出口国，近些年大豆的质量下降（品种退化，出油率低），生产成本较高，成为世界最大的大豆进口国。据此完成3-5题。

3、巴西大豆总产量增加的潜力大于美国，主要是因为巴西

A．技术力量较雄厚

B．气候条件较优越

C．可开垦的土地资源较丰富

D．劳动力较充足

4、在国际市场上，巴西大豆价格低于美国的主要原因是巴西

A．专业化水平较高

B．科技投入较大

C．劳动生产率较高

D．劳动力价格较低

5、中国要提高大豆质量亟需

A．加大科技投入

B．扩大种植面积

C．增加劳动力投入

D．加大化肥使用量

答案

1、C

2、D

3、A

解析

1、本组题也是热点问题（转基因大豆）切入，着重考查学生获取解读信息的能力。

巴西人口比美国少，巴西高原面积广大，适宜大豆种植，“20世纪70年代开始种植大豆”，开发种植较晚是最大的优势，C正确。

2、本组题也是热点问题（转基因大豆）切入，着重考查学生获取解读信息的能力。

巴西大豆的专业化水平、科技投入、劳动生产率都没有美国高。巴西是发展中国家，劳动力价格便宜，D正确。

3、本组题也是热点问题(转基因大豆)切入，着重考查学生获取解读信息的能力。

中国大豆种植历史悠久，“品种退化”严重，所以要提高大豆质量亟需加大科技投入，A正确。中国后备耕地资源少，不能扩大种植面积，增加劳动力投入，加大化肥使用量不能提高大豆质量。

小题备注

1、

难度A

考查：农业的区位因素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第3题

特征：概念掌握题

2、

难度A

考查：农业的区位因素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第4题

特征：概念掌握题

3、

难度A

考查：农业的区位因素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第5题

特征：概念掌握题

读图1，完成6-8题。

图1

6、图示区域内最大高差可能为

A．50m

B．55m

C．60m

D．65m

7、图中①②③④附近河水流速最快的是

A．①

B．②

C．③

D．④

8、在图示区域内拟建一座小型水库，设计坝高约13 m。若仅考虑地形因素，最适宜建坝处的坝顶长度约

A．15m

B．40m

C．90m

D．65m

答案

1、C

2、C

3、B

解析

1、本组题考查等高线的判读，地形与河流等地理事物联系能力。图中最高处海拔在80-85米之间，最低处海拔在20-25之间，所以最大高差无限接近65米，但不能是65米。C正确。

2、本组题考查等高线的判读，地形与河流等地理事物联系能力。①②③④四处，③处等高线最密集，流速最快。C正确。

3、本组题考查等高线的判读，地形与河流等地理事物联系能力。仅从地形因素考虑大坝建在如下图示位置，设计坝高13米，大坝顶端最高与50米等高线持平，略微超过50米等高线，由图例可知坝顶长约为40米。

小题备注

1、

难度B

考查：地理事物的特征与分布

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第6题

特征：读图分析题；规律应用题

小题备注

2、

难度B

考查：地理事物的特征与分布

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第7题

特征：读图分析题

小题备注

3、

难度B

考查：地理事物的特征与分布

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第8题

特征：读图分析题，概念掌握题

图2显示青藏铁路从拉萨向北上坡段某处的景观。其中T是为保护铁路而建的工程设施。据此完成9-ll题。

图2

9、据图文信息可以推断

A．该段铁路沿等高线布线

B．该段河流冬季结冰

C．铁路沿P箭头指示向拉萨延伸

D．P箭头指示北方

10、M、N间的堆积物来源于

A．坡

B．河流

C．沟

D．原地

11、T设施的主要作用是

A．防御坡部位崩塌对铁路的危害

B．防御沟部位洪水及泥沙对铁路的危害

C．防御河流洪水对铁路的危害

D．方便野生动物穿越铁路线

答案

9、B

10、C

11、B

解析

9、本题利用青藏铁路考查学生分析问题的实际能力。图不清楚直接影响学生做题。该段铁路是上坡，所以铁路不可能沿等高线布线，A不正确。因为该段是青藏铁路，地处青藏高原，虽然是河谷，冬季河流仍然结冰，B正确。C、D选项做错的同学很多，尤其是选D的多。题干中“从拉萨向北”“上坡段某处”只是说“上坡段某处”在拉萨以北，并没有给出拉萨的位置与方位所在，C、D不正确。

10、本题利用青藏铁路考查学生分析问题的实际能力。图不清楚直接影响学生做题。M、N间的堆积物在沟口处，所以是流水从沟里带来的沉积物堆积而成，C正确。

11、本题利用青藏铁路考查学生分析问题的实际能力。图不清楚直接影响学生做题。

如果是防御坡部位崩塌T设施就不建在沟口处，A不正确。T设施相当于隧道，铁路从下面穿过，让沟里的洪水与泥沙从上面流过，对铁路起到保护作用，B正确。防御河流洪水对铁路的危害，T设施就与河岸平行，而非与河岸垂直，C不正确。由上面分析，T设施是为了保护铁路而不是为野生动物留下通道，D不正确。

小题备注

9、

难度B

考查：地理事物的特征与分布

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第9题

特征：读图分析题，概念掌握题

10、

难度B

考查：外力作用影响下的地貌

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第10题

特征：读图分析题，概念掌握题

11、

难度B

考查：自然灾害的影响及防治

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料单选题，第11题

特征：读图分析题，概念掌握题

第Ⅱ卷 非选择题

本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第36-41题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须做答。第42-46题为选考题，考生根据要求做答。

36、依据图文资料及所学知识，完成下列各题。

图6 图7

某岛国人口约500万（2009年），经济发达，淡水资源严重不足。该国国土面积约640平方千米，其中主岛面积约540平方千米，地形单调，平均海拔不足15米，岛上河流最长不足16千米。图6示意该国主岛及其附近地区，图7为对应的气候资料。

（1）简述该国气候特征，并分析该国淡水资源严重不足的主要原因。

（2）图8为 图6中M水坝的景观。水坝能阻挡海水涌入，并通过其闸门调控河流入海流量。说明建坝前后坝内水域水的咸淡变化及其原因。

图8

（3）除建水坝外，请你为该国再提出一种解决淡水资源短缺的办法，并说明理由。

答案

（1） 气候特征：终年高温多雨。

主要原因：国土面积小，地势低平，四周环海，陆地上储存淡水（地表水、地下水）的条件差（河流短小）；人口密度大，经济发达，生活、生产对淡水需求量大。

（2） 水坝修建以前，水偏咸。

（3） ①从邻国（马来西亚）购买淡水。邻国面积较大，高温多雨，有较多淡水。两国之间的海峡狭窄，输送淡水成本低。

②海水淡化。该国经济比较发达，四周环海，可选适当地点，建海水淡化厂，生产淡水。

③废水（污水）回收利用。该国经济发达，人口密度大，生活、生产废水产生量大。

解析

（1） 由图7可知，该国月均温都大于15℃，各月降水量均超过100mm，故该国为热带雨林气候，全年高温多雨；该国淡水资源严重不足的主要原因可以从自然原因、社会经济原因两方面分析。

（2） 由题意不难说明建坝前后，坝内水域水的咸淡变化及原因，要注意分开回答。

原因：河流水流平缓，海潮（顶托作用）使河水和海水相混。

水坝修建后，水逐渐变淡（改善）。

原因：拦蓄淡水，阻止海水倒灌；通过闸门调控蓄水和排水，逐渐使偏咸的水换成淡水。

（3） 本题为开放性试题，可以有多种答案，但要注意说出一种且说明理由。

小题备注

（1）

难度B

考查：气候的类型、分布及特征；影响自然地理环境的要素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料综合题，第36（1）题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题

（2）

难度B

考查：影响自然地理环境的要素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料综合题，第36（2）题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题

（3）

难度B

考查：区域资源综合开发及治理的措施

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料综合题，第36（3）题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题

37、图9示意2007年中国大陆制造业企业500强总部的空间分布。读图9，回答下列问题。

图9

（1）简述中国大陆制造业企业500强总部空间分布的特点。

（2）分析图示资料，以某城市或某区域为例，说明其吸引制造业企业总部的优势条件。

答案

（1） 分布不均衡。集中分布在东部沿海省市，以环渤海地区(或京津冀地区)、长江三角洲地区最为集中。西北部的省区总部数量较少。

（2） 举例略。地理位置特点、经济水平、工业基础、基础设施、信息交流、科技水平、交通运输等方面。

解析

（1） 根据佛山市产业分布示意图中不同产业的位置分布，可知工业主要分布在东部；农业主要分布在西部。

（2） 改革开放初期，港商在佛山市投资建厂，主要考虑的区位条件有可以参考教材相关知识（珠三角工业化和城市化）来回答。

小题备注

（1）

难度B

考查：工业地域及其形成条件

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料综合题，第36（1）题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题

（2）

难度B

考查：工业的区位因素

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，材料综合题，第36（2）题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题

42、旅游地理

读图10，分析图示地区发展自驾车旅游的优势条件。

图10

答案

距主要客源地（杭州、宁波、温州等城市）路程适中，有高速公路连接；

客源地居民收入高，私家车拥有量多，出游率高；

旅游资源类型多样，地域组合好，分布集中。

解析

本题属于选修地理旅游地理，主要结合当前自驾游的趋势考查自驾游的优势条件。解题时要结合图中信息，抓住“自驾游”进行分析。发展自驾车旅游，是指通过公路驾车出行，属于 需考虑图中公路的分布，而不需考虑铁路分布，除了考虑交通条件，还需从客源地居民收入、私家车拥有量多、出游率高、旅游资源类型多样等方面来考虑。

小题备注

难度B

考查：旅游资源开发条件的评价内容

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，非材料型简答，第42题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题

43、自然灾害与防治

长江下游某城市边缘分布着丘陵，丘陵的基岩上有黄土覆盖(如图11所示)。近年来，由于城区扩展，大量开挖山坡，该地在夏季暴雨后曾发生多起黄土崩塌、滑坡灾害。

图11

阅读图文资料，简要分析该地黄土崩塌、滑坡多发的原因。

答案

黄土垂直节理发育，孔隙度大；人工开挖边坡，破坏了坡面地形的稳定性。

暴雨容易诱发坡地黄土崩塌；雨水下渗，在基岩与黄土之间容易形成滑动面，造成黄土滑坡。

解析

崩塌、滑坡的原因考虑黄土本身特点及暴雨诱发等自然原因，还要考虑人工开挖等人为原因。

小题备注

难度B

考查：地质灾害的产生机制与发生过程

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，非材料型简答，第43题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题

44．环境保护

某区域内湿地呈斑块状分布。表1中的数据反映该区域湿地的变化。

表1

年份 湿地斑块数目(块) 湿地总面积(hm2) 湿地比率(％)

1976 2 251 88 893 42.99

1986 3 721 39 639 19.17

2005 1 973 19 230 9.30

阅读资料，分析该区域不同时段湿地变化的特点，说明湿地变化对环境的不利影响。

答案

变化特点：

1976～1986年，湿地斑块数量显著增加，湿地破碎，湿地面积大幅度减少。

1986～2005年，湿地斑块数量和面积明显减少，湿地萎缩。

不利影响：

涵养水源能力减弱；小气候变差；植被覆盖率下降，土壤侵蚀加剧；生态平衡破坏；生物栖息地减少，生物种类减少等。

解析

湿地变化特点从表中可以直接读出；湿地对环境的影响包括对水源、气候、植被、土壤、生物多样性等方面。

小题备注

难度B

考查：生态环境问题的表现及特征

来源：2011，高考，新课标卷，非材料型简答，第44题

特征：读图分析题，模板套用题