高考英语语法从句真题及详解,高考英语语法从句

1.高考英语语法：whatever，whoever，whichever引导名词性

2.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-语法·表语从句用法小结

3.英语从句都有哪几类？

4.高考英语语法:高中英语语法-语法·同位语从句用法小结(2)

5.高中英语语法总结

6.高考英语语法：由关系副词when，where，why引导的定语

7.高三英语语法知识点总结

一、主语从句的引导词

主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。

1. that引导

That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。

That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。

That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。

That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。

That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村 子里引起很大轰动。

2. whether引导

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

3. 连接代词引导

Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。

Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。

4. 连接副词引导

When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。

How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。

How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。

Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。

5. 关系代词型what引导

What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。

What’s done is done. 事已成定局。

What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。

What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。

What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。

What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。

What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。

What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。

He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。

I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。

I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。

Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。

I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。

注有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：

That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。

二、主语从句与形式主语it

有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：

(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句：

It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。

It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。

It’s vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。

It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。

It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。

It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。

It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。

It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。

It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。

It’s unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。

That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。

(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。

(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：

What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。

有时也可将助用形式主语。如：

It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。

(4) 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：

Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？

How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？(from www.yygrammar.com)

三、连词that的省略问题

引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：

That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)

四、宾语从句与否定转移

当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语：

I don’t suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。

I don’t imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。(from www.yygrammar.com)

I don’t think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间

We didn’t think we’d be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。

I don’t suppose I’ll trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。

高考英语语法：whatever，whoever，whichever引导名词性

《高中英语语法-as 引导的各种从句之一》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

as 引导的各种从句之一

as 作为英语中一个非常活跃的词，其引导的从句在中学阶级较为多见，它们的种类应根据实际意义具体分析判定。笔者现将 as 引导的从句归纳并说明如下：

一、 as 充当连词，引导状语从句。

1. 引导时间状语从句，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，译为?当?的时候；一边?一边?。如：

As the students watched him quietly， he mixed the three together.

当学生们静静地看着他的时候，他把这三种液体搅和在一起。

As the pupils walked along the lake， they sang happily.

学生们沿着湖一边走，一边高兴地唱着。

2. 引导原因状语从句，从句所表达的原因是比较明显的，已为人们所知的。如：

As he did not know much English， he got out his dictionary and looked up the word ? cough ? .

由于他英语懂得不多，就拿出字典来查?咳嗽?这个词。

As it was getting very late， we soon turned back.

因为很晚了，我们很快就回来了。

3. 引导方式状语从句，此时 as 可译为?如；像；按照?。如：

Remember， you must do everything as I do.

记住，你们都要照我这样做。

When at Rome do as the Romans do.

（谚语）入乡随俗。

I have changed it as you suggested.

我已经按照你的建议把它改好了。

4. 引导让步状语从句，多用于书面语中，且须用部分倒装语序，即将从句的表语或状语等前置。它比 though 和 although 引导的让步状语从句更有表现力，语气更强。如：

Poor as he was （＝ Though he was poor ） he was honest.

他虽然贫穷，但很诚实。

Child as she is， she speaks English well.

虽然她是个孩子，但英语却讲得很好。

Fast as you read， you can't finish the book in two days.

尽管你读得很快，但你不能在两天内读完这本书。

5. 引导比较状语从句，从句通常可采用省略形式， as 译为?像?一样?。如：

It isn't as （ so ） cold as it was yesterday.

今天不像昨天那么冷。

二 . as 充当关系代词，引导定语从句

1. 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，先行词通常被 such， the same 所修饰，构成? such ? as， the same ? as ?结构。如：

You made the same mistake as （ you did ） last time.

你犯了和上次一样的错误。

You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.

你必须尊敬我的妻子，像你尊敬我一样。

Such women as knew Tom （ = Those women who knew Tom ） thought he was charming.

认识汤姆的女人都认为他很有魅力。

2. 引导非限制性定语从句， as 所代表的不是主句中的某个名词或代词，而是整个主句。 as 可放在主句前面或后面。如：

As is known to all， Taiwan is part of China.

众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。

As we have seen， oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

我们知道，海洋占地球面积的 70 ％以上。

摘自 中学生英语读写

as 引导的各种从句

湖南长沙市第十八中学 雷玉兰

as 作为英语中一个非常活跃的词，其引导的从句在中学阶级较为多见，它们的种类应根据实际意义具体分析判定。笔者现将 as 引导的从句归纳并说明如下：

一、 as 充当连词，引导状语从句。

1. 引导时间状语从句，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，译为?当?的时候；一边?一边?。如：

As the students watched him quietly， he mixed the three together.

当学生们静静地看着他的时候，他把这三种液体搅和在一起。

As the pupils walked along the lake， they sang happily.

学生们沿着湖一边走，一边高兴地唱着。

2. 引导原因状语从句，从句所表达的原因是比较明显的，已为人们所知的。如：

As he did not know much English， he got out his dictionary and looked up the word ? cough ? .

由于他英语懂得不多，就拿出字典来查?咳嗽?这个词。

As it was getting very late， we soon turned back.

因为很晚了，我们很快就回来了。

3. 引导方式状语从句，此时 as 可译为?如；像；按照?。如：

Remember， you must do everything as I do.

记住，你们都要照我这样做。

When at Rome do as the Romans do.

（谚语）入乡随俗。

I have changed it as you suggested.

我已经按照你的建议把它改好了。

4. 引导让步状语从句，多用于书面语中，且须用部分倒装语序，即将从句的表语或状语等前置。它比 though 和 although 引导的让步状语从句更有表现力，语气更强。如：

Poor as he was （＝ Though he was poor ） he was honest.

他虽然贫穷，但很诚实。

Child as she is， she speaks English well.

虽然她是个孩子，但英语却讲得很好。

Fast as you read， you can't finish the book in two days.

尽管你读得很快，但你不能在两天内读完这本书。

5. 引导比较状语从句，从句通常可采用省略形式， as 译为?像?一样?。如：

It isn't as （ so ） cold as it was yesterday.

今天不像昨天那么冷。

二 . as 充当关系代词，引导定语从句

1. 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，先行词通常被 such， the same 所修饰，构成? such ? as， the same ? as ?结构。如：

You made the same mistake as （ you did ） last time.

你犯了和上次一样的错误。

You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.

你必须尊敬我的妻子，像你尊敬我一样。

Such women as knew Tom （ = Those women who knew Tom ） thought he was charming. 《高中英语语法-as 引导的各种从句之一》由留学英语组我整理(www.liuxue86.com)

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-语法·表语从句用法小结

一、基本用法概说

英语中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等，其中可引导名词性从句的主要有whatever, whoever, whichever。这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句，它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如：

Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)

I don’t believe whatever he said. 无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)

在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。如：

What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。

二、whatever引导的名词性从句

whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如：

Do whatever she tells you and you’ll have peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么，那你就太平了。

I don’t believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。

Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。

三、whoever引导的名词性从句

whoever的意思“任何……的人”，在意义上大致相当于 anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如：

I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。

Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。

Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me. 你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧，对我是无所谓的。

注：whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外，注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：

谁赢了都可以获奖。

误：Who wins can get a prize.

误：Anyone wins can get a prize.

正：Whoever wins can get a prize.

正：Anyone who wins can get a prize.

四、whichever引导的名词性从句

whichever的意思“……的那个人或事物”，在意义上大致相当于 the person or the thing that。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。如：

You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。

Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。

We’ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。

Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。

五、引导状语从句的用法

whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外，还可用于引导状语从句，分别相当于 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which。如：

I’ll stand by you whatever [=no matter what] happens. 无论如何我都支持你。

Whoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙。

Whichever [=No matter which] you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个月的保修期。

英语从句都有哪几类？

《高中英语语法-语法·表语从句用法小结》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86.com。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

语法?表语从句用法小结

一、表语从句的定义：

表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。

二、表语从句的构成：

关联词+简单句

三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。

China is no longer what she used to be.

今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。

The question remains whether they will be able to help us.

问题还是他们能否帮我们。

At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.

当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

2. 从属连词whether，as，as if / though引导的表语从句。

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

他看起来还与十年前一样。

It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.

听起来好像有人在敲门。

3. because，why引导的表语从句。

That's because he didn't understand me.

那是因为他没有理解我。（That's because?强调原因）

That's why he got angry with me.

那正是他对我生气的原因。（That's why?强调结果）

what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because.

The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.

我难过的原因是他没有理解我。

4. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever

连接副词 where，when，how，why

The problem is who we can get to replace her.

问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is how he did it.

问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

5. 从属连词that

The trouble is that I have lost his address.

麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句

在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用?should+动词原形? 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。

My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.

我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

四、应注意的问题：

1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。

It was because he didn't pass the exam.

那是因为他没有通过考试。

It seems（that）he was late for the train.

看来他没搭上火车。

It appears that she was wrong.

看来她错了。

It seems to me that we should answer for this.

在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。

It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has.

在她看来，他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。

2. 引导表语从句的引导词有以下几类。

1）wh-疑问词

My question is who left.

我想问的是谁离开了。

What I wonder is when he left.

我想知道他是何时离开的。

That's what he wants.

那是他想要的。

This is where they once lived.

这就是他们曾经住过的地方。

That is why he didn't come here. 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。

2）whether

My question is whether he left（or not）。 我的问题是他是否离开了。

注：if不能引导表语从句。

3）that

The fact is that he left. 事实是他离开了。

注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。

The truth is（that）I didn't go there. 事实是我没去那儿。

4）because，as，as if，as though

It's just because he doesn't know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。

Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。

He looks as if he's tired. 他好像累了。 《高中英语语法-语法·表语从句用法小结》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86.com

高考英语语法:高中英语语法-语法·同位语从句用法小结(2)

英语从句主要有三大分类：1. 名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）2. 形容词性从句（定语从句）3. 副词性从句。

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高中英语语法总结

《高中英语语法-语法·同位语从句用法小结(2)》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

语法?同位语从句用法小结(2)

四、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为?建议；命令；要求?的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用?should +动词原形?的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer. 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should）be adopted. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。

The gave the order that all these houses（should）be pulled down in three weeks. 政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

区别（1）

同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。

区别（2）

that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

区别（3）

whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

区别（4）

1. 从词义角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。

2. 从搭配角度看问题

who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：

先行词是?人?，引导词用?who?等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是?question，idea，doubt等?。

六、典型例题

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.

析：he will be back意义不完整，应加?什么时候?的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home，perhaps by bike.

析：he went home意义不完整，应加?如何?的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

例3：Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.（NMET2001上海）

A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：

It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.

A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。

例4：She heard a terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth.（MET91）

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：

I can?t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。

重要链接：同位语从句专项语法习题

[1][2] 《高中英语语法-语法·同位语从句用法小结(2)》由liuxue86.com我整理

高考英语语法：由关系副词when，where，why引导的定语

高中英语语法总结

定语从句 ：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句

时态：现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时

状语从句

非谓语动词的用法

虚拟语气的运用

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定语从句 ，状语从句，表语从句， 名词性从句（主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句） 倒装 省略 反意疑问句 动词短语 冠词

满意请采纳，谢谢

分词（participle）

现在分词一般式 否定式 完成式 被动式

Doing Not doing Having done Being done

Not having done Having been done

Not being done

现在分词，过去分词

现在分词表示被动，表进行；及物动词的过去分词表被动，完成。

Boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 已经开过的水

The rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳

A developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家

*现在分词和过去分词都可以在句中作表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。

作表语

。现在分词作表语一般表示主语的特征和句中主语是主谓关系，主语一般是物，有时也可以是人。

。过去分词做表语一般表示主语所处的状态和句中主语是逻辑的动宾关系，主语一般是人，也可以是物。

（1） the film is moving we are moved

disappoint /surprise /move /frighten /inspire /interest

The boy is disappointing and his father is disappointed.

He tried be calm, but his voice sounded a bit surprised.

be covered /lined with

The door remained locked They remained listening.

2.做定语：

有些词的过去分词有两种 learned /learned burned /burnt lighted/light

一般规则变化的做定语，不规则变化的不做定语

*单独的一个分词做定语通常放在被修饰词的前边，分词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后边，相当于一个定语从句。

1（ 使动词的用法

*a girl named Mary came to see me .

*a girl calling herself Mary came to see me .

a moved girl = a girl who was moved a moving film =a film which is moving

a surprised look /expression on his face

2) I read the book written (which was written) by lu xun

Tell the children playing the guitar not to make so much noise.

The building being built is our teaching building.

He lives in a room facing the south.

注：有些词只能用定语从句表达而不能用过去分词的形式。

The boy who came to see me is my brother.

There were aidents that always happened.

3) 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句 . The book, written in 1980, tells of struggle.

2.作状语： 时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，伴随状语。

He went into the lab, following other students.

The teacher went into the lab, followed by a group of students.

Being a young people, he is always ready to help others.= as he is a young people ,…..

Given more time, he would do it even better. =if we were more time ,………..

Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = as he is ill ,he didn’t ……..

Not knowing what to do, went to ask marl.

Not having received her lessons well, she failed in the exam.

Having finished her work, she went home.

Getting up early, you’ll catch the bus. =if you get earlier ,……..

considering 就…而言 考虑到，各方面考虑起来

She seems very bright, considering.

Considering the distance, he arrived quickly.

The hall is still in good condition, considering that it was built almost 1000 years ago.

注：1) Generally speaking, he is a good person.

Judging from his skin, he is an African.

He left home, determined not to set his foot in his home.

但是 to tell the truth ,……. To be honest ………

regarding = about 关于…的问题

He spoke to me regarding his failure .

I must speak to you regarding this matter.

2) 分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

While visiting a city, a guidebook is very useful.

While reading the letter, tears e to her eyes. (错误)

当分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 分词可以在自己的前 面加上自己的逻辑主语，这样后构成的短语叫独立主格结构，一般用逗号与主句分开。

It being Sunday .I don’t have to go to work.

He being a party member, his deeds are expected by all.

Our work having been finished, we went home.

They’re being no buses, we went home.

Weather permitting; we’ll start on Saturday.

Mr. *** ith is shy and doesn’t speak until spoken to.

4. 做宾语补足语。

see , watch , hear , notice , feel , find , get , have , leave , keep +n./+分词

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

When he woke up , he found himself lying on the ground .

Don’t have the medicine working all the time.

I won’t have you talking to your mother like this .否定表示不允许，不容忍。

* get *** . /sth . doing 使。。重新开始

get the clock going get the car going 跑/ start 启动

It’s not hard to get the children speaking, but it’s hard to s them.

I often hear the song sung in English.

he spoke loudly in order to make himself heard clearly .

I saw the boy beaten by tom.

The teacher found jack seated / sitting in the room.

The boy was last seen playing in the river.

注： dress ---- be dressed seat ------be seated fix ---one’s eye be fixed on

We found her dressed in red today.

The thief was caught stealing

Dressed in red, she went out.

We found him hidden behind the door.

We sat there silent, her eyes fixed on that army camp.

I didn’t hear a single word in his talk referring to your absence from the meeting.

Do you know the man referred to at the meeting?

He walked along the river, his hands folded across his shoulder.

Feel one’s heart beating fast. /his face exposed.

Compared with tom, he is an honest man.

Comparing what he had with tom, he is satisfied.

The Gerund 动名词

—。 构成。

语态/形式 一般式 完成式 复合结构

主动 Doing Having done One’s doing

被动 Being done Having been done

否定形式一律在其前加not

II .用途： 定语，宾语，主语，表语

做主语：动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。

Smoking does harm to your health.

Tom’s ing made us happy.

Her not ing back made her father angry.

His being punished by the teacher is known to us.

Looking after children is her job.

Seeing is believing （前后对应）眼见为实。

Teaching is learning 教学相长。

My falling ill worried him greatly.

注意下列结构: It is no use / good / useful doing

It is no good quarrelling with them.

It is no use regretting what you have done.

2. 定语

动名词做定语表示用途。（即 ving 做定语有两个意思 1）表动作在进行 2）表用途）

a walking stick / a changing room 更衣室／ a hiding place / an operating table

a collecting tin / a weight machine / building material / drinking water / swimming pool

a washing machine / a sleeping car / a *** oking room / sowing machine 播种机

booking office 售票处 ／ training class 训练班 ／translating machine 翻译机

3．作表语，可以与主语互相转换。

His worst habit is eating too fast.

Our job is playing all kinds of instruments.

Their job is making model planes.

The real problem is getting all the materials ready before the end of the month.

The problem is his son’s having taken the other’s money.

4. 做宾语。

动名词既可以做动词宾语，也可以作介词宾语。

He has finished reading the book.

We could hear the noise of the desk’s being opened. and closed.

He came to attend the concert without being invited.

He suggested the text’s being translated into Chinese.

You should practise listening to English.

She looked forward to receiving her mother’s letter.

注意：1)有些动词或动词短语后面， 必须用动名词做宾语，而不用不定式。

enjoy , finish , mind , risk , avoid , forbid , excuse , practise , imagine , suggest , delay , miss , escape , can’t help , consider ,

be worth doing / be busy doing / give up doing / put off doing / insist on doing

keep / prevent /s from doing feel like doing / prefer doing to doing

be afraid of / be tired of / be fond of / be proud of /sueed in

. the wounded solider escaped being killed in the fighting .

do you mind my *** oking here ?

Don’t be afraid of asking for help.

The boy insisted on being severed with cake.

2)要特别注意以下几个片语

pay attention to / look forward to / devote oneself to / make contribution to

stick to / be /get used to / object to / refer to / get down to / see to （ 处理）

He objected to being treated as a child.

The scientist devoted himself to inventing this new machine.

有些动词跟to do 和doing 均可，但意思不同。

fet to do 忘记做/去做一件事 （没有做）

fet doing 忘记过去做过某事 。

I fet to close the window when I left my office.

Don’t fet to post the letter for me.

I fet meeting you in the street the other day.

remember to do 记住去做某事

remember doing 记得做过某事

please remember to close the window when you leave .

I remember having given the book to you.

regret to do 对现在要发生的事情表示遗憾，抱歉。

Regret doing 对已经发生的事情表示后悔。

I regret to say / to tell you that I can’t go with you.

He regretted having told you about it.

mean to do 打算，想要做，有做某事的意图。

Mean doing 意味着

I mean to go with you.

He didn’t mean to hurt you.

It means finishing in time.

Giving him such books to read means waste his time .

e. try to do 试图于，设法干，尽力于

try doing 试着干

The boy tried to open the door.

He tried driving a bus.

s to do /doing

go on to do / doing

be sure to do 肯定会 ，讲会者肯定

be sure of doing 主语自己会

He is sure to e

I am sure of his ing.

H. like /hate to do

Like hate doing

Nobody likes being laughed at.

4. 注意： need, want require +doing = need, want, require to be done

The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned

The child needs looking after / to be looked after

5. 有些 介词加doing 表示时间

on /upon doing = as soon as

in doing = when /while

On hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

In working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

=While working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

定语从句 ，状语从句，表语从句， 名词性从句（主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句） 倒装 省略 反意疑问句 动词短语 冠词

语专家葛传槼先生曾说：“语法是语言的法则。”英语语法是英国语言的实际用法，是通过语法家的调查研究、分析、综合而总结出来的，不是凭空臆造出来的。任何人使用英语，不管他是否学过语法，都必须依照语法。举个极简单的例子说，任何人写或讲“My mother studies English．”这一句，决不可把My改作I或Me，也不可把studies改作study或studys，也不可在English前面加上the。至于他是否知道possessive（所有格），indicative（直陈语言），third person（第三人称），article（冠词）等名称，那是另一问题。<br> 我国的英语学习者大多是十多岁的青少年，或者理解力较强，或者模仿力较强，在没有英语环境的情况下，学习语法，了解所学语言的规则，可以缩短学习过程，掌握英语的规律，尽快提高听、说、读、写、译的能力。<br> 那么，怎样学习语法呢？下面拟从四个方面简要谈一谈：<br> （1）练好基本句型<br> 我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。<br> 句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法专案（把它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。目前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采用句型教学法。因此学生们或者收听广播（收看电视）进行学习，或者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词进行替换练习。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个专案，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。<br> 以定语从句这一项为例，首先要反复进行替换练习。把“I read a novel yesterday．”和“It was extremely Interesting．”这两个单句改为“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting．”这就是定语从句的单项练习。再如把“I saw a man this morning．”和“The man is my teacher．”改为“The man I saw this morning is my teacher．”；把“I saw a film last night．”和“The film was very amusing．”改为“The film I saw last night was very amusing．”这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。<br> 第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如：<br> A：Did you enjoy the opera？<br> B：Which opera？<br> A：The one we saw last night，of course．<br> B：Yes，very much．<br> 第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个专案放在一起去操练。<br> A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般疑问句；宾语从句）<br> B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定语从句）<br> A：Oh，now I remember．He was the author who wrote“Red Star Over China”，wasn't he？（定语从句；反意疑问句）<br> B：Exactly．<br> 这种回答不但练了定语从句，而且复习了一般疑问句和反意疑问句，也给名词从句的学习打了“埋伏”。进行句型操练，既需要“滚雪球”（复习已学的专案），也需要“打埋伏”（预先练一下将来要学习的专案）。<br> 在句型学习阶段必须注意：在听、说领先的前提下，写、读要跟上，力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此，时间上要做出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去，收效一定很大。<br> （2）结合课文去学<br> 吕叔湘先生说过：“与其多读语法书，不如多读文章。”又说：“词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易记住，才知道用法。”（引自《中国人学英语》）课文是学习英语的“重要基地”。课文里有语音、词汇专案，也有各类语法专案。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法专案，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法，可以学得活，记得牢，这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此，在句型学习结束后，宜结合课文去学语法，要围绕课文中出现的主要语法专案，循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。

语专家葛传槼先生曾说：“语法是语言的法则。”英语语法是英国语言的实际用法，是通过语法家的调查研究、分析、综合而总结出来的，不是凭空臆造出来的。任何人使用英语，不管他是否学过语法，都必须依照语法。举个极简单的例子说，任何人写或讲“My mother studies English．”这一句，决不可把My改作I或Me，也不可把studies改作study或studys，也不可在English前面加上the。至于他是否知道possessive（所有格），indicative（直陈语言），third person（第三人称），article（冠词）等名称，那是另一问题。

我国的英语学习者大多是十多岁的青少年，或者理解力较强，或者模仿力较强，在没有英语环境的情况下，学习语法，了解所学语言的规则，可以缩短学习过程，掌握英语的规律，尽快提高听、说、读、写、译的能力。

那么，怎样学习语法呢？下面拟从四个方面简要谈一谈：

（1）练好基本句型

我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。

句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法专案（把它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。目前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采用句型教学法。因此学生们或者收听广播（收看电视）进行学习，或者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词进行替换练习。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个专案，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。

以定语从句这一项为例，首先要反复进行替换练习。把“I read a novel yesterday．”和“It was extremely Interesting．”这两个单句改为“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting．”这就是定语从句的单项练习。再如把“I saw a man this morning．”和“The man is my teacher．”改为“The man I saw this morning is my teacher．”；把“I saw a film last night．”和“The film was very amusing．”改为“The film I saw last night was very amusing．”这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。

第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如：

A：Did you enjoy the opera？

B：Which opera？

A：The one we saw last night，of course．

B：Yes，very much．

第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个专案放在一起去操练。

A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般疑问句；宾语从句）

B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定语从句）

A：Oh，now I remember．He was the author who wrote“Red Star Over China”，wasn't he？（定语从句；反意疑问句）

B：Exactly．

这种回答不但练了定语从句，而且复习了一般疑问句和反意疑问句，也给名词从句的学习打了“埋伏”。进行句型操练，既需要“滚雪球”（复习已学的专案），也需要“打埋伏”（预先练一下将来要学习的专案）。

在句型学习阶段必须注意：在听、说领先的前提下，写、读要跟上，力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此，时间上要做出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去，收效一定很大。

（2）结合课文去学

吕叔湘先生说过：“与其多读语法书，不如多读文章。”又说：“词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易记住，才知道用法。”（引自《中国人学英语》）课文是学习英语的“重要基地”。课文里有语音、词汇专案，也有各类语法专案。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法专案，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法，可以学得活，记得牢，这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此，在句型学习结束后，宜结合课文去学语法，要围绕课文中出现的主要语法专案，循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。

分词（participle）现在分词一般式 否定式 完成式 被动式 Doing Not doing 百度一下奥风英语的中学语法三剑客就行了

内容太多，给你网址，自己去看，望能采纳~~~~

:baike.baidu./view/328219.htm

去网上搜《高考语法完全突破》视讯教程或是与之配套的记忆大纲吧，直接针对高考，非常全的。

高三英语语法知识点总结

1. 基本用法

定语从句除可用关系代词引导外，还可用关系副词when, where与why来引导，它们的区别是：when用于指时间，where用于指地点，why用于指原因。when, where, why 在定语从句中均用作状语。如：

1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。

This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市。

These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。

2. 先行词问题

关系副词when和where的先行词是表示时间(如the day, the days, the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词，而关系副词why的先行词通常只是the reason(s)。另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。

3. 一点注意

注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在定语是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。如：

Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)

He works in a factory that [which] makes radio parts. 他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that, which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)

He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)

That’s the reason that [which] he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)

That’s the reason why she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。(where在从句中作状语)

4. 一个错点

英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个。不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.(其中的that, in which可省略

　高三马上临近高考，那么高三英语语法知识点有哪些呢。以下是由我为大家整理的“高三英语语法知识点总结”，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

　一、关系代词引导的定语从句

　1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)

　who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　whom 指人在从句中作宾语

　whose 指人或物在从句中作定语

　as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词

　2、as 的用法

　(1)常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as

　注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个

　the same…that 表示同一个

　(2)as与which的区别

　a、位置不同

　as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。

　b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。

　Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。

　注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,

　as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。

　c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。

　二、只用that不用which的情况

　1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时

　2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.

　3、 当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

　4、 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

　5、当先行词是数词时.

　6、 当先行词既指人又指物时。

　7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。

　8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。

　9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。

　10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

　11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。

三、只用which不用that的情况

　1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。

　2、 在非限制性定语从句中。

　3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。

　一、听力

　听力属于考试必拿分。如果听力还失分，则需要多加练习，最好保证每天听20-30分钟，可以通过听课内课文或者课外的英语文章亦或英文歌曲都会有所帮助的。

　切记：听力的提高在于坚持。

　二、单项选择

　单项选择综合考察同学们对高中语法的把握程度，是必拿分。主要包括三大考点(动词时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句)及几个小考点(情态动词及虚拟语气、特殊句式、介词、代词)。

　第一、同学们一定要将各个语法点系统掌握，搭建知识网。

　现在还有部分同学面对众多语法知识点而迷茫着，建议同学们在一轮复习仅剩的一个月时间里，试着通过思维导图的方式，并借助靠谱的语法书。

　例如：《五三》、《无敌英语语法》，将语法点进行梳理;同时需要针对性地练习，提高做题效率;

　第二、相信各位同学都有准备一本单选订错本，但是我发现有许多同学仅仅只是将题和答案记下，并无订错痕迹，之后还很有可能再错，那么同学们就需要找找原因何在。

　在此希望大家将错题可以及时分考点集中誊抄，并写下做错原因，以防后期再错。发挥好订错本的真正作用。

　切记：扎实的基础乃致胜高考之利器。

　三、完形填空

　面对完形，同学们需要注意做题“在精，不在多”。建议同学们可以保证每天或者隔天一定会练习完形填空。

　如果练习中丢分比较多，就需要分析丢分的原因，到底是上下文理解的问题，还是词汇记忆准确度不够，或是粗心导致的呢?前期千万不要陷入题海战术中，在做题过程中结合所掌握的知识点，慢慢积累，尔后调整做题习惯。

　完形解题包括读懂文章以及选对选项。

　那么第一步便是，把握文章的体裁。例如：记叙文的“夹叙夹议”，分析中需要注意对故事发展的脉络和掺杂其中的感情进行把握。

　第二步，根据上下文线索，结合平时所积累的熟词僻意、固定搭配等选择正确选项，同时还需要注意优先选择最佳选项。

　切记：主要还是从一道完形出发细致分析，将各不同考法的思路进行归纳，转化成经验。

　四、阅读理解

　对于不同的文体阅读和不同的题型各有相对应的答题技巧，你注意到了吗?

　在练习过程中，同学们首先可以先大致将文章略读，了解其文体和大意，其次根据具体问题具体分析，精读文章与问题相关的部分。

　细节题注意“读、划、定、比”，主旨大意题需要根据首尾段、首尾句判断，推断题注意只推一步，猜词题需要结合上下文等等。

　针对7选5阅读，同学们需注意在练习中提高前后文联系和关键词匹配能力。

　切记：阅读是否能够看懂，除了要理解长句，剩下的就是解决单词。如果你所掌握的词汇基础远超高中，高考应该就不在话下了。阅读理解题，词汇为本，方法技巧为王。

　五、写作

　对于英语作文，素材&词汇&句型等都需要平时的积累。作文的话题并不是一尘不变的，一定要以素材的积累作为写作的中坚力量。

　平时练习完毕，同学们一定要在老师的帮助下将作文不断修改和完善，规范审题流程及写作格式。

　从应用文上看，需要同学们将各文体作文的写作模板进行熟悉;情景作文上，则需要积累高级词汇及句式，内容上情景交融、形式上长短句结合、过渡词适当、词汇使用准确和地道。

　当然，素材的积累目的是为了使用，因此实际运用到写作上才能将素材真正地为我所用，在平时练习中一定要注意多借鉴和使用素材。

　想要得到高分，细节也很重要，字迹需清晰，注意不要犯语法错误。高考作文的话题会跟随时代潮流进行更新，需要平时多留意时事。

　切记：“清晰、准确、套路”在写作中很重要，需要多上心。